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Purpose Impact Domains Drivers Open Search Open Profile Investors Careers Newsroom Contact Us JP EN Open Search Open Products Information Search Close JP EN Purpose Impact Domains Drivers Profile Investors Careers Newsroom Contact Us Using this Website Privacy Policy Site Map Products Information Close Purpose Purpose Impact Domains Drivers Profile Investors Newsroom Purpose Message from Top Management CSV Purpose Long-term Management Vision and Medium-Term Business Plan KIRIN’s HISTORY Corporate Governance Risk Management Value Creation Model About Kirin Group Impact The Origin and Progress of CSV Management CSV Management Management Issues for Sustainable Growth (Group Materiality Matrix) A Responsible Alcohol Producer Health and Well-Being Community Engagement 　Respect for human rights The Environment Other material agenda and governance Domains Product brands Food & Beverages Health Science Pharmaceuticals Drivers Core technology that assures value creation Consumer centric marketing ICT accelerating value creation Diversity and inclusion, culture for innovation Financial strategy Profile Corporate Policy Corporate Overview Management Group Companies Company History Our Approaches in Quality Investors Management Policy Chart Generator Financial Data Non-Financial Information Share-related Information IR Library Individual Investors IR Events Calendar IR website user guide Disclaimer FAQs Third-Party Evaluations Newsroom News Releases Media kit Media Contacts Long-term Management Vision and Medium-Term Business Plan Management Plan Releases and Presentations Value Creation Model Value Creation Story Corporate Governance Overview Management Structure Management, Leadership & Advisory Remuneration System for Executive Officers Risk Management Compliance Kirin Group Tax Policy CSV Management 2022-2024 CSV Commitments Establishment and Operation of the Group CSV Committee Group Sustainability Meetings on Specific Issues Stakeholder Engagement Endorsement and participation in external organizations and initiatives United Nations Global Compact Policies Social contribution activities Sustainable Finance Marketing Communication Policy(MCP) Health and Well-Being What is “Health & Well-being” in Kirin Group? Ensuring food safety and security Ensuring stable supply, safety and reliability as a pharmaceutical company Provide pharmaceuticals for Unmet Medical Needs Support for maintaining the immune system Ensuring occupational health and safety Support for the prevention of non-communicable diseases Implementation of health management Helping to improve the performance of brain function and prevent decline Improvement of access to nutrition Community Engagement Respect for human rights Sustainable development of communities in raw material production areas and business development regions Creating bonds and trust for people's well-being Enhancing the sustainability of food economy Sustainable supply chain Community Topics Respect for human rights Kirin Group Human Rights Policy Embedding the Kirin Group Human Rights Policy in practice Implementing Human Rights Due Diligence The Environment Sustainable use of biological resources Sustainable use of water resources Sustainable recycling of containers and packaging Overcoming climate change Kirin Group's Environmental Vision 2050 Message from Top Management Engagement Vision / Policies / Structure Environmental management and CSV Holistic Environmental Management Information Disclosure Based on the TCFD Framework, TNFD Framework Draft, etc. Our Holistic Approach Third-Party Evaluations of environment Environmental Topics A Responsible Alcohol Producer Dealing with alcohol-related problems Policy and System Food and Beverages Kirin Brewery Company, Limited Lion Pty Ltd Kirin Beverage Company, Limited Mercian Coca-Cola Beverages Northeast, Inc. Health Science domain Message from Senior Executive Officer of Health Science Strategy Kirin Holdings Company, Limited Kyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd. Koiwai Dairy Products Co., Ltd. Kirin Beverage Company, Limited Core technology that assures value creation Accelerating intellectual property activities that leverage technological capabilities for the business Diversity and inclusion, culture for innovation Strengthening the human capital capability Diversity Cultivating the organizational culture Corporate Policy Achieving "Joy brings us together" The Story Behind Kirin Beer Labels Corporate Overview Barrier-free route to Kirin Group Head Office Group Companies Kirin Brewery Company, Limited Kirin Beverage Company, Limited Mercian Corporation Company History 1885‐1949 1950‐1989 1990‐1999 2000‐2009 2010‐2019 2020‐ Our Approaches in Quality Quality management Ensuring Product Safety and Reliability in the Food & Beverages Domain Ensuring Product Safety and Reliability in the Health Science Domain Chart Generator Yearly Data Quarterly Data Management Policy Corporate Disclosure Policy Financial Data Message from the Chief Financial Officer Management Analysis Of Financial Position, Operating Results, And Cash Flows Business Segments Consolidated Balance Sheets Consolidated Statements of Income Statements of Cash Flows Non-Financial Information Message from Senior Executive Officer of CSV Strategy ESG Databook Guideline Content Index Share-related Information General Meetings of Shareholders Dividend Payments and Own-share Repurchase Stock Information Share Data Stock Quote Bonds and Rating Analyst Coverage Articles of Incorporation and Regulations Public Notice IR Library Financial Results（Financial Results/Presentations/Financial Statements） IR News Releases IR Events Releases and Presentations Archive Integrated Report Investor’s Guide Market data and Sales Kirin Group Environmental Report Management Plan Releases and Presentations Long-term (Archive) Medium-term (Archive) Current Fiscal Year (Archive) Management Structure Interview with Independent Non-executive Directors 2022-2024 CSV Commitments 2019-2021 CSV Commitments Social contribution activities The Pink Ribbon Activity JICA-KIRIN Fellowship Program Marketing Communication Policy(MCP) Guidelines of Product Labeling Respect for human rights Kirin Group Human Rights Policy Embedding the Kirin Group Human Rights Policy in practice Implementing Human Rights Due Diligence Sustainable development of communities in raw material production areas and business development regions Japanese hops Tea Leaves Vineyards Sustainable supply chain Policy on Sustainable Procurement Activities to Promote Sustainable Procurement Working Together with Suppliers Engagement Dialogue 01 Dialogue 02 Dialogue 03 Dialogue 04 Dialogue 05 Holistic Environmental Management Information Disclosure Based on the TCFD Framework, TNFD Framework Draft, etc. Risks and Opportunities Dealing with alcohol-related problems What is Slow Drinking? Other initiatives in Japan Business Segments Year Quarter Consolidated Balance Sheets Year Quarter Consolidated Statements of Income Year Quarter Statements of Cash Flows Year Quarter General Meetings of Shareholders Previous Fiscal Years Financial Results（Financial Results/Presentations/Financial Statements） Archive IR Events Releases and Presentations Archive KIRIN R＆D DAY 2020 Archive Integrated Report Integrated Report PDF Kirin Integrated Report 2023 Kirin Integrated Report 2022 Kirin Integrated Report 2021 KIRIN CSV REPORT 2020 KIRIN CSV REPORT 2019 KIRIN REPORT 2018 KIRIN REPORT 2016 KIRIN REPORT 2015 Annual Reports (Back numbers) Market data and Sales Domestic sale outline report(Monthly) Domestic Monthly sales report(Archive) Domestic Alcohol market data(Year) Beer consumption by region(Year) Beer consumption by country(Year) Domestic Soft drink market data(Year) Kirin Group Environmental Report Archive Kirin Group Human Rights Policy Feedback from stakeholders during the establishment of the 2018 Human Rights Policy Activities to Promote Sustainable Procurement Past Reports on human rights impact assessments of supply chains JICA-KIRIN Fellowship Program Greetings from the Host Institution Representatives Overview Fellow Introduction About United Nations University-Kirin Fellowship KIRIN CSV REPORT 2020 Message from Top Management Past and Present Special Feature: Growth Strategies for the Health Science Domain Strengthening Organizational Capabilities Financial and Non-financial Highlights Message from the Chief Financial Officer Interview with the Non-executive Director KIRIN CSV REPORT 2019 Message from Top Management Interview with the Chief Financial Officer Strengthening Our Non-Financial Assets CSV Stories CASE1 Pharmaceuticals business CSV Stories CASE2 Businesses bridging Pharmaceuticals and Food & Beverages CSV Stories CASE3 Community Engagement CSV Stories CASE4 The Environment CSV Stories CASE5 A Responsible Alcohol Producer Discussion with Management Interview with an Outside Director Financial and Non-financial Highlights Past and Present KIRIN REPORT 2018 Message from Top Management Discussion with Management, Part1 Discussion with Management, Part2 Interview with an Outside Director CASE1 Kirin Ichiban Shibori Relaunch and Craft Beer Market Development CASE2 Pharmaceuticals for Worldwide Markets CASE3 Lactococcus lactis strain Plasma Stars in New Products CASE4 Advanced High-Efficiency Facilities at Myanmar Brewery History of the Kirin Group The Kirin Group Today Overview by segment and business for fiscal 2017 Management's discussion & analysis Financial & Non-Financial Highlights KIRIN REPORT 2016 To Our Stakeholders Long-Term Management Vision and Medium-Term Business Plan CFO’s Message Overview of the Kirin Group’s Business Kirin’s Foundation for Value Creation Interview with an Outside Director KIRIN REPORT 2015 KEY POINTS ABOUT KIRIN Long-Term Management Vision and Medium-Term Business Plan KIRIN’S GROWTH STRATEGIES A Conversation between Outside Directors Management Issues for Sustainable Growth (Group Materiality Matrix) Technology (R&D) Foundation SCM Foundation Human Resources Foundation Fellow Introduction 2019 Fellow Researchers and Research Themes 2018 Fellow Researchers and Research Themes 2017 Fellow Researchers and Research Themes About United Nations University-Kirin Fellowship List of Former United Nations University-Kirin Fellows Special Feature: Growth Strategies for the Health Science Domain Strategic Decisions in 2019 / Message from the Officer in Charge of Health Business Strategy Part1 Interview with the Executive Officer of R&D Strategy Part2 Creating Synergies with FANCL Corporation Strengthening Organizational Capabilities Enhancing Kirin Beverage's marketing capabilities Development of our human resources Strengthening Our Non-Financial Assets Honkirin and our marketing reform R&D Strategy:Technology creating trusted value Human resources strategies:Diversity and inclusion, culture for innovation Financial & Non-Financial Highlights Financial Highlights Non-Financial Highlights To Our Stakeholders Kirin’s Management Environment,Vision, and Strategies Progress with the Medium-Term Business Plan Issues and Future Initiatives Aiming to Be a Company That Is Completely Trusted Long-Term Management Vision and Medium-Term Business Plan Long-Term Management Vision Medium-Term Business Plan Recognizing the Challenges and Future Initiatives Kirin’s Foundation for Value Creation The Kirin Group’s Value Creation Marketing Research & Development Supply Chain KEY POINTS ABOUT KIRIN Business Structure / Earnings Structure Kirin's History of Progress Long-Term Management Vision and Medium-Term Business Plan Long-Term Management Vision Medium-Term Business Plan List of Former United Nations University-Kirin Fellows 2016 Fellow's Research Projects 2015 Fellow's Research Projects 2014 Fellow's Research Projects 2013 Fellow's Research Projects 2012 Fellow's Research Projects 2011 Fellow's Research Projects 2010 Fellow's Research Projects 2009 Fellow's Research Projects Close Home Purpose KIRIN's HISTORY Integrated Report Contents Integrated Report TopPage About Kirin Group Long-term Management Vision and Medium-Term Business Plan CSV Purpose&Commitments Message from Top Management Message from the Chief Financial Officer Message from Senior Executive Officer of CSV Strategy Scenario Analysis (TCFD) Holistic Approach to environmental issues Message from Senior Executive Officer of Health Science Strategy Interview with Independent Non-executive Directors INPUT INPUT Diversity and inclusion, culture for innovation Core-technology that assures value creation Consumer centric marketing expertise ICT accelerating value creation BUSINESS BUSINESS Food & Beverages domain Health Science domain Pharmaceuticals domain OUTPUT OUTPUT Financial and Non-financial Highlights Management Analysis Of Financial Position, Operating Results, And Cash Flows OUTCOME OUTCOME Health and well-being Community Engagement The Environment A Responsible Alcohol Producer Corporate Governance Corporate Governance Overview Management Structure Management, Leadership & Advisory Remuneration System for Executive Officers Compliance Kirin Group Tax Policy Risk Management KIRIN's HISTORY This section chronicles the Kirin Group’s history of challenges and achievements spanning more than a century. Over its history of more than a century, Kirin Group has grown from a Japan-based brewer to a global enterprise with a diverse range of businesses. Kirin has established itself as one of the prominent beer brands in Japan and overseas, and is continuing to expand its brewing business globally by acquiring leading beer brands in Asia and Oceania. The Group has leveraged its wealth of experience and expertise gained from the brewing business to diversify into the soft drink business and other areas of the Food & Beverages Business. Furthermore, since the 1980s onward, we have made inroads into the Pharmaceuticals and Health Science Businesses. Kirin Group’s Three Business Domains Food & Beverages This business domain, which includes our founding brewing business, constitutes the backbone of the Group. Since the 1990s onward, we have expanded our Food & Beverages Business into Asia, Oceania, and other parts of the world, manufacturing and marketing products under a broad range of value-added brands. Health Science Our years of research in the Food & Beverages domain into naturally derived materials as well as into fermentation and cultivation has led to discoveries of Lactococcus lactis strain Plasma (LC-Plasma) and other substances proven to be beneficial to human bodies. We intend to continue to make the best use of these assets to evolve the Health Science Business into a growth driver for the Group. Pharmaceuticals We combined our proprietary fermentation and cultivation technologies acquired from the brewing business with biotechnologies to launch research and development of pharmaceutical products in the 1980s. The Pharmaceuticals Business has since grown to one of the Group’s core businesses, marketing biomedicines and other products in the global arena. 1907 - 1980 Spanning the years from the foundation of Kirin Brewery to the expansion of the Food & Beverages Business Kirin Brewery was established in 1907, taking over the business of Japan Brewery Company, which had been founded in 1885. When Japan began to enjoy soaring economic growth in the mid-1950s, consumer demand for beer skyrocketed at an average annual rate of 20.6% from 1956 to 1964. Riding on the success of the brewing business, the company began to diversity its business in the Food & Beverages domain, under its long-term management plan “A Transformation Initiative: Laying the Groundwork for Achieving Consistent Growth” announced in 1975. 1907 Food Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd. established. Kirin Beer was well received by Japanese consumers for its authentic German beer taste, which had been made possible by a brewing process operated by German engineers using raw materials imported from Germany. (Kirin Brewery Yokohama Yamate Plant in its earliest days) 1928 Food Kirin Lemon introduced. Kirin Lemon, a lemon-flavored carbonated drink, marked our foray into the soft drink business. It was sold in a translucent glass bottle, which was unheard of in the beverage industry those days, to visually demonstrate our commitment to never using artificial coloring for beverages. Every bottle of Kirin Lemon was wrapped in paper when shipped from the factory to preserve the quality of the contents. 1943 Food Kirin Science Institute (the forerunner of Kirin Central Research Institute) established. Kirin Brewery’s research department history dates back to 1918 when a research department was established. In 1943, this department gained independence and was renamed the Kirin Science Institute. 1963 Food Vending Machine Services Co., Ltd. (the forerunner of Kirin Beverage Co., Ltd.) established. A subsidiary (currently known as Kirin Beverage) was established, responsible for selling soft drinks through vending machines. (Kirin Lemon vending machine) 1972 Food Kirin Seagram Co., Ltd. (the forerunner of Kirin Distillery Co., Ltd.) established. We launch a whisky business. Kirin Seagram (currently known as Kirin Distillery) introduces Robert Brown, the first whisky made in Japan. 1976 Food Koiwai Dairy Products Co., Ltd. established. We make a foray into the food business. Koiwai Dairy Products starts marketing cheese, butter, and other dairy products nationally. 1977 Food KW Inc. (the forerunner of Coca-Cola Bottling Company of Northern New England,Inc.) established. KW Inc. (currently known as Coca-Cola Beverages Northeast) starts the Coca-Cola bottling business in New England, the United States. 1981 - 2005 Diversifying into the Pharmaceuticals and Health Science Businesses Following two oil crises in the 1970s, it became obvious that the Japanese beer market had reached maturity. Faced with this reality, we formulated the Long-Term Management Vision in 1981. In this go-forward plan, we established the goal of expanding our businesses into areas related to food & beverages, health, and culture to become a company that offered customers beer and other comforts of life that made their lives more fulfilling and enjoyable. To achieve this goal, we chose to diversify our business lines—reducing an overdependence on the brewing business so as to build and maintain a well-balanced portfolio expected of a financially sound enterprise. Under this vision, we diversified into the Pharmaceuticals and Health Science Businesses. 1982 Pharma Research and Development Division established. An idea proposed by Kirin Brewery employees materializes into a pharmaceutical research and development project focused on biotechnologies. 1983 Health Science A health food project team is formed under Kirin Brewery’s Business Development Division. We leverage our wealth of technologies and expertise accumulated from years of experience in the brewing and soft drink businesses to make a foray into the Health Science Business with the launch of a project team tasked with using yeast to develop health food. 1983 Food Kirin City Co., Ltd. established. We start a restaurant business with the opening of Kirin City restaurants that serve draft beer from barrels using a triple-pouring process, which is a traditional way of pouring German pilsner beer from the tap into a glass. 1984 Pharma Kirin-Amgen, Inc. established Kirin-Amgen, a joint venture company established by Kirin and Amgen, Inc., a U.S. biotech company, starts mass-production of erythropoietin (EPO), following research conducted by our R&D Division. *The joint venture was dissolved in 2017. 1988 Health Science Supported the establishment of La Jolla Institute for Immunology (the forerunner of La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology) Research on immunity led to Lactococcus lactis strain Plasma, Lactobacillus paracasei KW3110. 1990 Pharma Kirin Brewery introduces ESPO®, an erythropoietin (EPO) medicine effective on nephrogenic anemia. The first medicine we introduced—just eight years after starting pharmaceutical research in 1982. 1998 Food Acquires a stake in Lion Nathan Limited(the forerunner of Lion Pty Limited) in New Zealand. We acquire a stake in Lion Nathan (current Lion) to gain a foothold in Oceania. 2002 Food Acquired the business rights of Four Roses. We acquire the business rights to Four Roses bourbon, born in Kentucky, the United States, in 1888. 2002 Food Acquires a stake in San Miguel Corp. in the Philippines. We establish a foothold in the Philippines in the middle of surging economic and population growth. 2002 Health Science Kirin Brewery’s Fundamental Technology Research Laboratories, in collaboration with Koiwai Dairy Products and Showa Women’s University Graduate School of Life Sciences, discovers Lactobacillus paracasei KW3110., which improves allergy symptoms. The Kirin Group’s immunological research was recognized for its excellence when the development and commercialization of Lactobacillus paracasei KW3110 was awardedthe 2022 Technology Award for Agricultural Chemistry from the Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry. 2006 - 2015 Aggressively pursuing M&A opportunities to become a major player in the global arena We unveil the Kirin Group Vision 2015 (KV2015) long-term management plan in 2006, which outlines initiatives to achieve quantum-leap growth by broadening and strengthening our business foundation. In the Pharmaceuticals Business, Kirin Pharma merges with Kyowa Hakko Kogyo, a Japanese biotechnology company, to become Kyowa Hakko Kirin (current Kyowa Kirin). We also expand our Food & Beverages Business through mergers and acquisitions—making the Japanese wine maker Mercian Corporation one of our consolidated subsidiaries, bolstering our Australian business, and gaining a foothold in Brazil. 2006 Food Makes Mercian Corporation a consolidated subsidiary. We add a wine business to our alcoholic beverage business portfolio as part of our efforts to become an integrated beverage group which covers both the alcoholic beverage and the soft drink businesses. 2007 Pharma Kirin Pharma Co., Ltd. established. Kirin Pharma was established as a pharmaceutical manufacturing and sales company to take over Kirin Brewery’s pharmaceutical business. 2008 Health Science Kyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd. established. The biochemical business of Kyowa Hakko Kogyo is spun off to pursue greater result by working with Kirin Group. 2008 Pharma Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd.(the forerunner of Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd.) established. Kyowa Hakko Kogyo and Kirin Pharma merge to pursue a pharmaceuticals business based on antibody and other leading-edge biotechnologies. 2010 Health Science Lactococcus lactis strain Plasma discovered. Kirin Holdings Company and Koiwai Dairy Products discover a lactic acid bacterium that activates the immune cells responsible for virus infection defense (later named “Lactococcus lactis strain Plasma (LC-Plasma)”) 2015 Health Science Kyowa Hakko Bio’s Thai subsidiary, Thai Kyowa Biotechnologies Co., Ltd. completes construction of amino acid production plant. In November 2022, this plant also completed production facilities for HMO (Human Milk Oligosaccharide) and started commercial production. 2016 - 2018 Restructuring and revitalizing Kirin Group The fast growth of groupwide net sales comes with profitability of widely varying degrees among business units. In addition, Kirin Brewery, one of the core companies in the Group, struggles as its sales of beer slows. To overcome these challenges, we update KV2021, originally announced in 2012, to a new KV2021 in 2016 and set out to restructure and revitalize Kirin Group. 2016 Formulates corporate governance policy. We have since been stepping up our efforts to enforce robust corporate governance practices as a basis of sound corporate management. 2017 Food Transfer of Brasil Kirin's Shares As part of implementing strategic initiatives outlined in KV2021, we sell the struggling Brasil Kirin. 2017 Health Science Launches a new brand iMUSE. We launch a new brand, iMUSE, for products that contain our proprietary LC-Plasma. In 2020 iMUSE-branded products are authorized, for the first time in the Japanese food industry, registered as functional foods with immune support function, which helps bolster their sales substantially. 2019 - 　Evolving to become a global leader in CSV The completion of strategic initiatives to restructure and revitalize Kirin Group, including sales of unprofitable businesses and bolstering profitability across the board, set the stage for a new round of growth under Kirin Group Vision 2027 (KV2027). The key objective outlined in KV2027 is to resolve social issues to achieve sustainable growth and become a global leader in CSV. In addition to the two core businesses—the Food & Beverage Business and the Pharmaceuticals Business—we have been establishing and fostering the Health Science Business to turn it into another core of the Group. 2019 Kirin Group defines CSV Purpose. We define our CSV Purpose as a guiding principle to achieve sustainable growth and create value together with people across society. 2019 Health Science Kirin Holdings Company establishes the iMUSE Health Science Factory, a new base for manufacturing lactic acid bacteria raw materials, and commences production. In response to the increased demand for LC-Plasma, Kirin Holdings Company announced the expansion of this manufacturing site in 2021, leading to expanded annual production capacity of LC-Plasma. 2019 Health Science Make a capital and business alliance with FANCL Corporation. We enter into alliance with FANCL, which complements our capabilities in the Health Science domain. 2020 Health Science iMUSE accepts notification as Japan’s first* foods with functional claims for immune support function Kirin Holdings Company accepted a notification from the Consumer Affairs Agency that iMUSE was accepted for the “Foods with Functional Claims for Immune support function” label under the Foods with Functional Claims System.*Japan’s first registered brand with the “Foods with Functional Claims for Immune support function” label on its products 2023 Health Science Makes Blackmores Limited a consolidated subsidiary Aiming to become the leading health science company in Asia Pacific, we acquire Blackmores Limited as a subsidiary, an Australian-based company operating a natural health business in the Asia-Pacific region. Kirin Group is aiming to be a global leader in CSV, creating value across our world of Food & Beverages to Pharmaceuticals. Intro 1907 Spanning the years from the foundation of Kirin Brewery to the expansion of the Food & Beverages Business 1981 Diversifying into the Pharmaceuticals and Health Science Businesses 2006 Aggressively pursuing M&A opportunities to become a major player in the global arena 2016 Restructuring and revitalizing Kirin Group 2019 Evolving to become a global leader in CSV Outro Related Information Company History Corporate Policy About Kirin Group Core technology that assures value creation Integrated Report Share Please do not forward or share information about alcoholic beverages with anyone under the legal drinking age. Purpose Message from Top Management CSV Purpose Long-term Management Vision and Medium-Term Business Plan KIRIN’s HISTORY Corporate Governance Risk Management Value Creation Model Impact CSV management Management Issues for Sustainable Growth (Group Materiality Matrix) A Responsible Alcohol Producer Health and Well-Being Community Engagement The Environment Other material agenda and governance Domains Product brand Food & Beverages Health Science Pharmaceuticals Drivers Core technology that assures value creation Consumer centric marketing ICT accelerating value creation Diversity and inclusion, culture for innovation Financial Strategy Profile Investors Careers Newsroom Contact Us Terms and Conditions Privacy Policy Site Map You must be of legal drinking age to consume alcohol. Don't drink and drive. Enjoy responsibly. It is advisable not to drink alcohol during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Do not litter! Let's recycle after drinking! © 2007-2024 Kirin Holdings Company, Limited. TOP